Biography
Biography: Rola Aatif Mahmood
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is described as spontaneous extravasation of blood into the brain parenchyma, presenting in 10% to 15% of all stroke cases in the Western population. It is also associated with a higher mortality rate compared with ischemic stroke . ICH is classified according to its primary (80% to 85%) or secondary (15% to 20%) causes. More than 50% of primary ICH events are directly correlated with hypertension as a risk factor, whereas 30% are known to be associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The causes of secondary ICH include hemorrhage conversion of Ischemiac stroke , amyloid angiopathy, stimulant drugs, vascular malformations (aneurysms, arterovenous malformations, venous angioma, cavernoma, dural arteriovenous fistula), coagulopathy (hereditary, acquired, induced by anticoagulants or antiplatelets), neoplasms, trauma, vasculitis, Moyamoya disease, or sinus venous thrombosis. A NEW systematic stratification is proposed called, (SMASH-U classification) , based on the underlying diseases of ICH:
1- Structural lesions (cavernomas and arterovenous malformations)
2- Medication (anticoagulation)
3- Amyloid angiopathy
4- Systemic diseases (liver cirrhosis, thrombocytopenia, and various rare conditions),
5- Hypertension, and Undetermined causes.